Category Archives: Search

Visuals and Text

There is often a perception that digital text is somehow different to print.  It hyperlinks, is easy to update and is, according to the argument, filled with pointless invective and ephemera. It doesn’t allow for deep and considered reading, catering as it does for the atrophied attention spans of the Youtube generation.  Despite their recreation of print, ebooks are often included in this category.

However the Youtube generation isn’t even reading online. It’s, er, watching Youtube.  In “Is Youtube the Next Google” read/write web outlined a growing trend- rather than looking for a search term in Google kids will type into it Youtube and see what turns up. Alex Iskold writes:

“Whenever his son needed any information, he would open up YouTube, type in the search term and then just watch the videos that showed up as matches. He never Googled anything; he never went to any other site; his entire web experience was confined to YouTube videos.”

Doing some comparisons it turns out that for many search terms Youtube offers a viable alternative to Google. Currently Youtube has about half the searches of Google e.g. a lot of searches indeed, and this is growing.  Whereas Google is largely text based in the results it throws up, Youtube is by definition visual, you don’t read Youtube you watch it.

This has enormous ramifications. At the moment I am reading a book about the science of reading, about how the act of learning to read reconfigures and restructures our brain.  Reading changes us innately and irrecoverably; it is the key in allowing us other points of view, in going beyond ourselves.  The author, Maryanne Wolf, is concerned about the transition from print to digital text that I mentioned earlier. This doesn’t worry me- in the book she frequently mentions how it is not so much the content as the mere fact of reading that can be beneficial.

What is more worrying is the way we are evolving out of a text based culture. Sure there will always be a place for the economy and density of text. This place could get ever smaller though. The early days of the internet might come to be viewed as a golden age for text, a time when web sites and blogs poured forth a profusion of words such as the world had never seen, a textual Eden before the video Fall.

Ok, that may be a little dramatic. But this is something we should be thinking a about. While in many ways we live in, and have always lived in, an illiterate culture (and I mean this in a non-pejorative sense), think say of the non text entertainment industries stacked against the text based, this further evolution of a non-text culture presents a profound shift. If people are largely not reading then the very biology of human thought will change, and not for the better. As a species we will be less able to empathise, less able to imagine and less able to articulate and formulate complex thoughts.

While it’s futile to rail against new technologies, and generally I am all for them, the emergence of visualisations, Youtube search and on demand and ubiquitous video presents a massive challenge to educators and publishers.  Google is lucky (rich) enough to own Youtube; the same cannot be said of us.

Author meets the future: how electronic is it?

We invited one of our fave authors, David Hewson, to blog his experiences using a Sony Reader over the next week or so. David’s hardly a technophobe, but on the other hand he ain’t no geek. Here’s the first of his guest posts as he begins his journey into ‘digital reading.’

Back in the mists of time when I wrote about technology for the Sunday Times I once asked Bill Gates about ebooks. It was at a press event in a house in Gramercy Park New York, circa 1995 when the Microsofties were trying to prove to the world that they were family-friendly by launching a bunch of products, some successful, some disastrous, aimed at the home, not the office.

Mr Gates (who had allegedly somewhat ruined the atmosphere by referring to children in one interview as ‘basic subsets of the family entity’) was, for once, up for any question I could think of. So I wondered if he thought we would all be abandoning paper to read books and newspapers on screen before long, fully expecting a technophiliac answer predicting the death of print everywhere.

‘No,’ he said, confounding all expectations. ‘We don’t have the technology and we don’t have the need, not for a long time.’

Is thirteen years long enough? On my desk now is Sony’s newly-released PRS-505 ‘portable reader system’, available at Waterstones and a variety of other outfits – if you can find one in stock – for £199. These things have been thrust at journalist, publishers and lucky readers for a little while. But Sony very kindly thought they would shove one at an author too to see what one of us thinks, and I am the lucky scribe.

I’ll be taking it on the road for some promotional events up north this week, and showing it around to people I know to get their opinions too. So look for a couple more posts when I am more familiar with the beast. But first impressions count – as do first prejudices.

To be honest I’ve always felt a little sympathy with Mr Gates’ initial view. I spent a lot of my time staring at computer screens. All of my books are written using a very nifty piece of software specially aimed at authors, Scrivener. Even so I will print out drafts of the manuscript repeatedly and read them with a pen in hand because, let’s say it out loud, reading on screen just isn’t the same.

At least not on a conventional flat screen, which the Sony very much does not have. I won’t bore you with the technology but it is nothing like the flat screen in your TV or computer monitor. This is a kind of electronic ink. A tedious fact in itself were it not for two things: it actually looks very good indeed, sharp and very much like real text. And it has no backlight so the Sony uses no power whatsoever when you are simply reading a page – only when you ‘turn’ to a new one.

How close to paper is it? Very close, particularly in bright daylight (when most electronic screens are utterly readable). The background isn’t as white a you’d expect, and you can’t see much in dark situations where a laptop would be very readable. But it’s a lot better than I expected, and I was quite happy flicking through books very quickly with it indeed.

So there’s the first lesson I learned about the Sony. You need to see it to believe it. Prejudices, for or again, really don’t count for much because this is quite unlike anything else you’ve ever encountered before.

Here’s the second big surprise: the size and feel of the thing. It’s tiny, little bigger than a paperback book, beautifully made, with a sturdy and expensive-looking satin metal shell encased in a cover that feels very like brown leather (which it isn’t). I’ve seen other book readers and they all, let’s be frank, look like calculators that have spent too long in McDonalds. The Sony isn’t plasticky, doesn’t shout ‘geek’ and feels very, very nice in the hand. It’s also, perhaps deliberately, under-featured compared to something like Amazon’s Kindle (which isn’t available in the UK and won’t be for some time). The Kindle has a keyboard, wireless internet and a lot of possibilities.

The PRS-505 is pretty much an ebook reader plain and simple. You can load mp3 files on it (using an external memory card since the built-in memory is aimed at book storage, not music). You can even load your favourite photos and look at them in black and white, though quite why I don’t know. But this is about reading books really, and I rather like that idea. You don’t get distracted by thinking, ‘Let’s just check the email’. It’s also dead easy to use – with buttons for moving forward and backwards in a book, a bookmark button that ‘turns’ the corner of the page to store a location, and some other buttons on the side that let you browse your library (and, a little tip, allow you to go to a page number if you type them in).

The thing comes with a hundred free out of copyright classics such as Moby Dick, Pride and Prejudice, and Dracula. You buy ebooks online from the Waterstones site, download them to your computer, then transfer them to the reader via a simple USB cable. There’s special software to automate this on Windows, though you have to do it manually if you’re a Mac user like me – which isn’t hard. You can also load pdf and Word files on it too.

So first impressions are good, better, to be honest, than I expected. I shall be climbing on board the train to Newcastle with more than a hundred books on this thing, including one of my own, and the first 25,000 words of the book I’m writing now (which you lot won’t see till 2010). Supposedly I can turn 6,800 pages before needing a recharge which ought to set me up for a four-day trip I’d hope.

Next week some time I’ll tell you what it feels like after a couple of days.

Attention Deficit

Whole business empires are now founded upon that most fleeting of things, at once profound and perfunctory, the human gaze. In buzzword bingo “attention economy” is a winning ticket. In this model of super abundant information invisibility is a function of excess and simply being noticed becomes the prerequisite for sucess, whether this is measured in monetary terms or by other criteria.

This is hardly a new phenomenon. Go into any bookstore and what you notice is hardly an absence of choice, title vying against stylishly covered title for our hungry eyes. Indeed Reuters claims that the UK has now overtaken the US as the country with the most books published per annum, with over 206,000 books published in 2005 alone.

Even as our frazzled attention spans are being catered for by five second ad slots and continuous partial attention becomes our default the deluge of books expands. Media coverage of literature contracts. The result is that the publishing space is crowded, an attention addicted junkie with not enough eye balls to satisfy its craving.

And then along comes the web.

Continue reading "Attention Deficit" »

zoom zoom

User interface design is all about creating onscreen metaphors for real life objects, actions and behaviours. Browsing books on Amazon is more like flipping through a catalogue than wandering through the aisles and lingering over shelves in a bookshop.

Zoomii.com offers a realworld metaphor for book buying – visual bookshelves, covers out (if this takes off, I wonder if they’ll start putting books in spine out and charging publishers to show the cover on the shelf?) that you can click, grab and move along. You can zoom in and out to see more or less books, or examine a cover in detail.

It is perhaps a sign of the times (or just the Bezos strategy) that this new book browsing service is built on Amazon’s cloud computing services, EC2 and S3 (via ReadWriteWeb)

The challenge now, as I’m sure the folks at zoomii are aware, will be to keep the prices competitive, get more books in there, refine the UI in response to user behaviour, and spread the word. Good luck to them!

Update: Shelfari has had a makeover – looks like visual bookshelves are making deeper in-roads on the web. (via GalleyCat)

Photo: Entering Hyperspace by Eole Wind

Communitisable

Map of Online communities by D’Arcy NormanIt’s not a pretty neologism. Following on from my previous post I got thinking about the value of community for publishers and there seems to me a distinction between building a community and making something “communitisable”. Gavin Bell of our sister company the Nature Publishing Group has given an intriguing talk on publishers and community which argues that developing closer and more long term relationships with the most dedicated book buyers should be a priority for publishers.

Whilst for some publishers- like Nature- building a community around the publishing brand can work well (see Nature Networks) I believe that for trade publishers the best strategy is to ensure that products are fully compatible with existant platforms; platforms that transcend the parameter of any given brand and thus offer the most utility to consumers whose reading habits are largely dictated by favoured writers, not publishers. Bell suggests this approach, advising publishers to “Find the people, reviews and discussions on the internet and link them into the books you sell.”

Continue reading "Communitisable" »

Google Knols

Google has announced a new initiative that threatens to seriously disturb the precarious knowledge ecosystem of the web: Google Knols. The project is still shrouded in mystery with only one screen shot so far released and only this Google blog entry, by VP Engineering Udi Manber, to work with. Predictably the blogosphere and tech commentary press have gone in to overdrive, but this time with good reason.

The core of the Knol project can be described as the first realistic challenge to Wikipedia as THE knowledge portal on the web. Here is a brief summary of the project- it describes how Google will allow anybody to contribute articles to a public database on any topic. In contrast to Wikipedia articles (Knols) will be single authored with popular articles rising to the top of the rankings in a given topic. Knols will also feature advertising like Google Search, with ad revenue being shared between Google and the author of the Knol supporting the ads, the idea being that useful or particularly good Knols will generate revenue and hence will be rewarded.

Continue reading "Google Knols" »

‘Digitizing the British Library’

The February 2008 issue of PC Pro reports on the British Library’s plan to digitize 100,000 books published in the nineteenth century – 25,000,000 pages.

The digitizing partner chosen is Microsoft, with the actual work being done by a German firm, Content Conversion Specialists; the library ‘retains the rights to all the data being collected’ but Microsoft has the right to host the collection on its Live Search Books site, for a duration not revealed by the library. The team of five people scans 50,000 pages a day to complete the project in two years. Books smaller than 28 x 35.5 cm can be automatically scanned, and so 20-30% must be scanned manually. All books are visually checked for loose or torn pages, then placed under a lectern with two Canon 16.6 megapixel lenses; the operator turns the first few pages then the machine uses suction to turn the remainder, at one page every two or three seconds. The operator at the station sees all the pages as thumbnails on a PC, to fix errors. Fold-outs that can’t be scanned by the machine are around 1% of the total, and they’re scanned separately and integrated later by software. The project has a 12 CPU blade server with 40TB of storage.

Resolution is 300dpi for both text and images, which the library says is ideal for reading online but also suitable for print on demand if required in the future. Output formats are JPEG 2000, PDF and plain text; OCR is used to capture plain text which is ‘specially processed’ to deal with antique orthography and typography. A secondary check takes place in Romania, and the library batch-samples files delivered by CSS to ISO 2859-1.

Scanning takes place underground with no natural daylight, to ensure colour consistency, and the scanning room is air-conditioned: ‘Just one degree in temperature changes the light tuning and requires colour adjustments.’

To deal with copyright issues the library is using ‘a database of authors’; those in copyright (less than 1%) won’t be digitized, and orphan works (about 40%) will be but with a ‘notice and takedown’ procedure on the website.

Note: the article uses ‘scan’ throughout but it’s clear from the diagram that a static photograph of each page is used.

Titans at War!

Google Book Search has been much publicised and has become a shorthand for both the colossal ambition of Google and its casual disregard for intellectual property or the sensitivities of potential partners. The latter are possibly unsurprising for a company that has seen profit growth of 46% in 2Q07, added nearly 3000 employees in the same period and whose share price hovers casually above $600. This is much like the growth experienced by Microsoft in the 90s, where, according to The Change Function, growth ran at 45% per annum 90-96. Microsoft, who recently capitulated in their long running antitrust battle with the EU, are now the only tech company to have a larger market capitalisation than Google. Not only have Google had all the best ideas (e.g. Google Earth), they have a rock solid, simple business model, a corporate ethos and share structure that has attracted staff away from Microsoft and an approach that specifically targets MS strongholds like email (Gmail vs. Hotmail) and word processing (Google Writer edging towards Word).

Continue reading "Titans at War!" »